Web Development

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What is HTML?

HTML is a language for describing web pages.
  • HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
  • HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
  • A markup language is a set of markup tags
  • HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages

HTML Tags

HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
  • HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like
  • HTML tags normally come in pairs like and
  • The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
  • Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

HTML Documents = Web Pages

  • HTML documents describe web pages
  • HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
  • HTML documents are also called web pages
The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page.
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Example Explained

  • The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
  • The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content
  • The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading
  • The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph
More on w3schools


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What is XML?

XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language.
XML is designed to transport and store data.
XML is important to know, and very easy to learn.

Introduction To XML
XML was designed to transport and store data.
HTML was designed to display data.

What You Should Already Know

Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:
  • HTML
  • JavaScript
If you want to study these subjects first, find the tutorials on our Home page.

What is XML?

  • XML stands for EXtensible Markup Language
  • XML is a markup language much like HTML
  • XML was designed to carry data, not to display data
  • XML tags are not predefined. You must define your own tags
  • XML is designed to be self-descriptive
  • XML is a W3C Recommendation

XML Document Example

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<note>
    <to>Tove</to>
    <from>Jani</from>
    <heading>Reminder</heading>
    <body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>

The Difference Between XML and HTML

XML is not a replacement for HTML.
XML and HTML were designed with different goals:
  • XML was designed to transport and store data, with focus on what data is
  • HTML was designed to display data, with focus on how data looks
HTML is about displaying information, while XML is about carrying information.

XML Does Not DO Anything

Maybe it is a little hard to understand, but XML does not DO anything. XML was created to structure, store, and transport information.
The following example is a note to Tove, from Jani, stored as XML:

Tove
Jani
Reminder
Don't forget me this weekend!
The note above is quite self descriptive. It has sender and receiver information, it also has a heading and a message body.
But still, this XML document does not DO anything. It is just information wrapped in tags. Someone must write a piece of software to send, receive or display it.

With XML You Invent Your Own Tags

The tags in the example above (like and ) are not defined in any XML standard. These tags are "invented" by the author of the XML document.
That is because the XML language has no predefined tags.
The tags used in HTML are predefined. HTML documents can only use tags defined in the HTML standard (like <p>, <h1>, etc.). XML allows the author to define his/her own tags and his/her own document structure.

XML is Not a Replacement for HTML

XML is a complement to HTML.
It is important to understand that XML is not a replacement for HTML. In most web applications, XML is used to transport data, while HTML is used to format and display the data.
My best description of XML is this:
XML is a software- and hardware-independent tool for carrying information.

XML is a W3C Recommendation

XML became a W3C Recommendation on February 10, 1998.
To read more about the XML activities at W3C, please read our W3C Tutorial.

XML is Everywhere

XML is now as important for the Web as HTML was to the foundation of the Web.
XML is the most common tool for data transmissions between all sorts of applications.
More on w3schools

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LEARN ASP.NET 

ASP.NET is a framework for building web sites and web applications. It supports three approaches to build web sites:
Web Pages
Web Forms
MVC

ASP.NET Web Pages

ASP.NET Web Pages and the new Razor syntax provide a fast and lightweight way to combine server code with HTML to create dynamic web content.
You can connect to databases, add video and graphics, include social networking and add many more features using the latest web standards.

Microsoft WebMatrix is a free development tool that makes Web Pages development easy.
Start learning ASP.NET with Razor now!

ASP.NET Web Forms

With ASP.NET Web Forms you use drag-and-drop design to build dynamic event-driven websites.
Choose from hundreds of controls and components to rapidly build user-driven sites with full data access.
Microsoft Visual Studio Express provides a free development tool that makes Web Forms development easy.

ASP.NET MVC

ASP.NET MVC is a framework for building large, scalable, standards-based web applications using well-established design patterns and the power of ASP.NET and the .NET Framework.
Visual Studio Express provides a free development tool that makes MVC development easy.
Start learning ASP.NET with MVC now!

ASP.NET References

At W3Schools you will find complete ASP.NET references about built-in objects and components, and their properties and methods:

ASP.NET Examples

ASP.NET examples
A collection of ASP.NET examples.

ASP.NET INTRODUCTION

What You Should Already Know

Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:
  • WWW, HTML, XML and the basics of building Web pages
  • Scripting languages like JavaScript or VBScript
  • The basics of server side scripting like ASP or PHP
If you want to study these subjects first, find the tutorials on our Home Page

What is Classic ASP?

Microsoft's previous server side scripting technology ASP (Active Server Pages) is now often called classic ASP.
ASP 3.0 was the last version of classic ASP.
To learn more about classic ASP, you can study our ASP tutorial.

ASP.NET is NOT ASP

ASP.NET is the next generation ASP, but it's not an upgraded version of ASP.
ASP.NET is an entirely new technology for server-side scripting. It was written from the ground up and is not backward compatible with classic ASP.
You can read more about the differences between ASP and ASP.NET in the next chapter of this tutorial.
ASP.NET is the major part of the Microsoft's .NET Framework.

What is ASP.NET?

ASP.NET is a server side scripting technology that enables scripts (embedded in web pages) to be executed by an Internet server.
  • ASP.NET is a Microsoft Technology
  • ASP stands for Active Server Pages
  • ASP.NET is a program that runs inside IIS
  • IIS (Internet Information Services) is Microsoft's Internet server
  • IIS comes as a free component with Windows servers
  • IIS is also a part of Windows 2000 and XP Professional

What is an ASP.NET File?

  • An ASP.NET file is just the same as an HTML file
  • An ASP.NET file can contain HTML, XML, and scripts
  • Scripts in an ASP.NET file are executed on the server
  • An ASP.NET file has the file extension ".aspx"

How Does ASP.NET Work?

  • When a browser requests an HTML file, the server returns the file
  • When a browser requests an ASP.NET file, IIS passes the request to the ASP.NET engine on the server
  • The ASP.NET engine reads the file, line by line, and executes the scripts in the file
  • Finally, the ASP.NET file is returned to the browser as plain HTML

What is ASP+?

ASP+ is the same as ASP.NET.
ASP+ is just an early name used by Microsoft when they developed ASP.NET.

The Microsoft .NET Framework

The .NET Framework is the infrastructure for the Microsoft .NET platform.
The .NET Framework is an environment for building, deploying, and running Web applications and Web Services.
Microsoft's first server technology ASP (Active Server Pages), was a powerful and flexible "programming language". But it was too code oriented. It was not an application framework and not an enterprise development tool.
The Microsoft .NET Framework was developed to solve this problem.
.NET Frameworks keywords:
  • Easier and quicker programming
  • Reduced amount of code
  • Declarative programming model
  • Richer server control hierarchy with events
  • Larger class library
  • Better support for development tools
The .NET Framework consists of 3 main parts:
Programming languages:
  • C# (Pronounced C sharp)
  • Visual Basic (VB .NET)
  • J# (Pronounced J sharp)
Server technologies and client technologies:
  • ASP .NET (Active Server Pages)
  • Windows Forms (Windows desktop solutions)
  • Compact Framework (PDA / Mobile solutions)
Development environments:
  • Visual Studio .NET (VS .NET)
  • Visual Web Developer
This tutorial is about ASP.NET.

ASP.NET 2.0

ASP.NET 2.0 improves upon ASP.NET by adding support for several new features.
You can read more about the differences between ASP.NET 2.0 and ASP.NET in the next chapter of this tutorial.

ASP.NET 3.0

ASP.NET 3.0 is not a new version of ASP.NET. It's just the name for a new ASP.NET 2.0 framework library with support for Windows Presentation Foundation, Windows Communication Foundation, Windows Workflow Foundation; and Windows CardSpace.
ASP.NET 3.0 is not covered in this tutorial.



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